Q1.          The thermometer drawn below can be used to measure the temperature of the human
body.

(a)     (i)      What is the lowest temperature this thermometer can measure?
..............°C
1 mark

(ii)     What is the normal temperature of the human body?
Tick the correct box.
              37°C                     39°C                        41°C      
1 mark

(iii)     When we are ill our temperature may go up.
         A nurse can measure a child’s temperature with two different thermometers
as shown below.

         Give one reason why it is safer to use a plastic strip thermometer than a
glass thermometer.
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1 mark
(b)     Viruses are micro-organisms that can make us ill.
          Give the name of one other type of micro-organism that can make us ill.
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1 mark
(c)     Alcohol and mercury are two liquids that can be used in glass thermometers.
The table gives information about these liquids.
 
liquid	boiling point (ºC)	colour	
alcohol	78	colourless	
mercury	357	shiny grey	

(i)      A red dye is added to the colourless alcohol used in thermometers.
Suggest a reason for this.
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1 mark

(ii)     Choose words from the list below to fill the gaps in the sentences.
                          gas               liquid              solid
         When alcohol and mercury boil they both change from a liquid to
a ......................................
1 mark
         A thermometer containing mercury can be used to measure the
temperature of an oven at 150°C because mercury is a
....................................... at 150°C.
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q2.    One evening Jenny and Leah ate chicken sandwiches which had been in their school bags all day. There were harmful bacteria in the food. The next day both girls became very ill. Their doctor gave them antibiotics to take for eight days.
         The graph represents how antibiotics affect the number of bacteria in the body.

(a)     Use the graph to explain why the girls did not become ill until the day after eating the sandwiches.
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1 mark

(b)     After taking the antibiotics for eight days Jenny was completely better. Explain why she got better.
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1 mark

(c)     Leah should have taken the antibiotics for eight days. She felt much better after five days and stopped taking the antibiotics. Two days later she felt very ill again.
Use the graph to help you explain why Leah became ill again.
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2 marks

(d)     Food will keep longer if it is placed in a refrigerator at 2°C.
Refrigeration does not kill bacteria.
What effect does the low temperature have on bacteria?
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1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q3.    Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria. These bacteria produce a poison.
The poison prevents the large intestine from absorbing water from the food passing through it.
People with cholera can lose more than a litre of water per hour.
(a)     Give one function of water in the body.
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1 mark

(b)     People can be injected with a vaccine against cholera. The vaccine contains a tiny amount of the cholera poison and not the cholera bacteria. As a result, people become immune to cholera.
          Describe how vaccination makes a person immune to cholera.
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2 marks

(c)     The cholera poison makes the skin permeable. A new method of vaccinating against cholera is to put a small amount of the poison, mixed with other vaccines, on a plaster. The plaster is left on the skin for a day. The vaccines pass through the skin and the person becomes immune to cholera and to other diseases.
(i)      Why should only a tiny amount of the poison be used?
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark

(ii)     Suggest one advantage of vaccinating people in this way.
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1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

Q4.          A Japanese volcano erupted in 1936. Molten sulphur poured out of the volcano.
When it cooled it formed rock sulphur.

(a)     (i)      Which word describes molten rock that is underground?
Choose from lava or magma or oil.
………………………………………
1 mark
(ii)     Which type of rock do volcanoes produce?
Choose from igneous or metamorphic or sedimentary.
………………………………………
1 mark

(b)     Sulphur is a non-metallic element. It is yellow and melts at 115°C.
          Complete the sentences about sulphur.
(i)      Sulphur is a poor conductor of
………………………………………
1 mark
(ii)     At 115°C sulphur changes from
a …………………………………… into a …………………..……………
2 marks

(c)     Sulphur burns in air to form an oxide.
What gas in the air reacts with sulphur when it burns?
………………………………………
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks
 Q5.          (a)     Helen weighed three pieces of rock and soaked them in water.
The next day, she weighed them again.
Her results are shown below.
 
rock	mass before 
soaking in water (g)	mass after 
soaking in water (g)	
granite	26.3	26.3	
marble	20.4	20.4	
sandstone	25.5	27.6	

          Rocks that have lots of small spaces are described as porous.
          What evidence is there in the table that sandstone is porous, but granite and
marble are not porous?
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1 mark

(b)     Helen put the soaked sandstone into a freezer for 24 hours.

          Water in the spaces in the sandstone froze and expanded.
(i)      What would happen to the sandstone as the water froze and expanded?
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1 mark
(ii)     In the winter this process happens in rock in the countryside.
         What is the name of this process?
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1 mark

(c)     Helen placed fresh pieces of granite, marble and sandstone in beakers of dilute
sulphuric acid. Only the marble reacted with the acid.
Only the marble reacted with the acid.
          Use Helen’s results to explain why granite is more suitable than marble for a
statue in a city centre.
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1 mark

(d)     (i)      Draw a line from the name of each rock below to the group of rocks it
belongs to.
(ii)     Draw a line from each group of rocks below to the way the group of rocks
was formed.
name of                               group of                              way the group of
   rock                                    rocks                               rocks was formed
granite	 	sedimentary	 	the effect of high
temperature and
pressure on limestone	
 	 	 	 	 	
marble	 	igneous	 	formed when magma cools	
 	 	 	 	 	
sandstone	 	metamorphic	 	particles are deposited in layers	

4 marks
maximum 8 marks

 

Q6.     Igneous rock such as granite can become sedimentary rock. A model of this process is shown in the following sequence.
                                  
Step 1                                                                                     step 2
Half fill a plastic jar with pieces of                                               Shake the jar vigorously
granite and dilute acid. Leave for                                                for a few minutes.
one week then pour off the acid.

step 3                                                                            step 4
Sieve the contents of the jar                                             Leave the dish to stand
into a dish of water.                                                         for a few hours.

 
                        
step 5
Press the wet, fine material
for many weeks with heavy weights.
(a)     Step 1 represents chemical weathering in the rock cycle.
Which part of the rock cycle is represented by step 2?
1 mark

(b)     A river carries pieces of granite from a mountain to the sea. Describe two ways in which the pieces of granite change as they are carried.
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2 marks

(c)     Which two parts of the rock cycle are represented by step 4 and step 5?
step 4  .........................................................................................................
1 mark
step 5  .........................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks